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Albanian Language Primer!

History and Development

The Albanian language initially came to be from the Albanians who were spread across the Balkans, Kosovo and related areas in the 2nd century A.D.  The Albanian language is considered to be a mountaineering language due to Albania’s location.  Some scholars believe that this language is derived from Illyrian and Daco-Thracian languages and is considered to be an Indo-European language with the blending of Greek, Latin as well as Metaphorical lexical creations.  With the exception of minor grammatical and lexical similarities, the Albanian language differs from Bulgarian, Croatian, Greek, Romanian and Serbian languages.  Technically speaking, this language has actually been recorded in the river mat territory among Ohrid and Thessalonika, and has also been seen in Epirus.  The first accepted documentation has been dated back to approximately the 15th century A.D.  This document is said to have been written using many alphabets with the spellings based on Greek along with some of these words also containing Turko-Arabic characters.  

There are two primary dialects of the Albanian language: Gheg and Tosk.  At first, the Albanian language was developed on the basis of Gheg and was kept in the same area.  Both of the dialects are pretty much mutually intelligible.  Knowing the roots of the language helped to decipher that Tosk was written with a Greek dialect and Gheg was written with a Latin dialect.  Tosk is currently the official language of Albania as well as it is one of the official languages in Kosovo and Macedonia.  However, here is an interesting fact that is noteworthy:  Some of the New Testament verses were actually written in the Gheg dialect.

Its Related Languages

Despite the many characteristics that it shares with other European languages, including Greek, it is primarily compared to Balto-Slavic and Germanic languages.  These two languages share more isoglosses with the Albanian language when compared to others.  To show evidence of the Balto-Slavic relation, simply look at the languages vocabulary; over time, the Albanian language changed its vowel usage by ending the adjectives in ‘a’ rather than ‘o’ which is what was previously used. Many other Indo-European languages share features such as beginning their adjectives with the same sounds, much like you would see in the Bulgarian, English, Irish, Sanskrit and Persian languages.

The Albanian language consists of 29 consonants and 7 vowels.  The nouns are affected by gender as well as numbers.  There are four declensions with six cases.  These cases apply to both definite and indefinite nouns, along with having numerous Syncretisms.   The Albanian language contains analytical verbal structure and its constituent order relies on the verb object.  All of the Albanian dialects that are spoken in the Greek and Italian enclaves relate to Tosk and appear to be closest related to the dialect spoken in Am’ria, which is located in the south of Albania.  Tosk can be heard spoken in Bulgaria and Turkey along with a select number of small Italian villages where Albanian emigrants came to inhabit around the 15th century.  At first the Gheg dialect along with some of the Latin alphabet was the basis for the written version of the Albanian language.  After the end of WWII, the official language was changed to reflect the Tosk dialect.

Today’s Status

Today, the Albanian language is considered to be a distinct Indo-European language that is not the basis for any other existing branch.  It has been looked at as being the official language of Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia as well as Montenegro; in addition, it is the minor language in Italy and Serbia.  The Albanian language is currently used by over 6 million people worldwide.

About the Author

This article was sponsored by Stranslations. Stranslations offers document translation for Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish and all other European languages. Want to learn more? Read our Brief Introduction To Language Translation.

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